Sabtu, 04 Juni 2016

Short Story

I remember that. I feel it. I doubt it. At the same time when I felt various emotions. Ahh, the majority of them consider the little things do not worry about it. I'm familiar with that phrase, but the pain caused from small holes made getting out of control. Angry. Disappointed. Frustration. I thought 'what do stuff like this? What I get from all this? since the beginning of all of this is already wrong. How stupid. I always deny reality, I was wasted. There's nothing left for me right. My friend. ahh no! former friend had to get rid of and it was destroying my faith. ' "Do not look for me again, my life was messed up thanks to you! You made everything a mess! Naïve girl. Are you blind? You know I'm just using you but why do you not do anything?" The shouts of rough ceaselessly out of the mouth of a guy in front of me. I miss him so much until my ear was as if broken, I do not care what words were spoken, I just focus on the sounds that I miss. I smile. I want to go home and write this incident in my favorite rabbit book. "Why are you smiling ?! strange girl! Do not disturb my life again. From now on we're done." What??? What do his words mean? Done what? He left me in a quandary. Who does not get confused while last week you and your boyfriend have just spend the holiday both to cinema and the flower garden? Yet when they walk together everything is fine and of course fun. But why this time he asked for it? " His footsteps stopped and turned toward me with a look that I think is very scary. Reflex I back, somehow I feel that in front of me was not the person I love, face the same but they are very contrasting aura. "One more thing you need to know how much I hate you !!." Love is blind. All just focused on feeling so often forget logic. Yet the logic of visible reality, but everything is indelible on the imagination. Imagination made perfect. By themselves, they and yourself

My Strength

When you're tired with all your problems do not hold your crying
Take out .. not too much hold ..
It might hurt yourself ..
Slowly ... slowly ... and slowly tears Wherever do you put into a disease .
Diseases which will held you to hold back your emotions .
If you do not want them to see your tears because you do not want to see your weakness .
Look for places where the place was just for you .
Sites that contain only all about .
A place that exists only you.
Places that accept what is.
A place that accepts your tears .
Places that accept and forgive your mistake .
The place is always waiting for you.
Rest assured there will be a place like that.
Look .. find your place
If have you found , treat and take care of the place.
Because there is only one place available for you . 

Good luck to you , a strong woman

Jumat, 20 Mei 2016

English Assignment ...... (Degrees of Comparison, Question Words, 5W+1H in English Newspaper)

1) DEGREE OF COMPARISON

The Degrees of Comparison in English grammar are made with the Adjective and Adverb words to show how big or small, high or low, more or less, many or few, etc., of the qualities, numbers and positions of the nouns (persons, things and places) in comparison to the others mentioned in the other part of a sentence or expression.

Kinds of comparison:

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1. POSITIVE DEGREE:

Ex: Tom is tall a boy.

In this sentence the word ‘tall’ is an adjective telling us how Tom is. There is no other person or thing in this sentence used to compare Tom with, but it is the general way of saying about persons, animals and things that they have some quality (here ‘tallness’) above average in general sense. The adjective word ‘tall’ is said to be in the “positive form”.

This comparison is called “positive degree” comparison.

There are two more comparisons with the ‘positive form’ of the adjective words. They are:

(i) Degree of Equality: This comparison is used to compare two persons, animals or things to tell us that they are equal – having the same quality.

Ex:

1. The atis tree is tall.

2. Anita is young.

3. Chicos are expensive.

4. Carlo is intelligent.

2. COMPARATIVE DEGREE:

Ex : Tom is a tall boy. Tom is taller than his sister.

In the second sentence the word ‘taller’ is an adjective used to compare the ‘tallness’ of these two persons – Tom and his sister – and to tell us that Tom has more of the quality of ‘tallness’.

Therefore, an adjective word which shows the difference of quality betweentwotwo groups of persons, animals or things is said to be in the ‘comparative form’. persons, animals or things, or

This comparison is called “Comparative Degree”.

There are two more degrees of comparison with the ‘comparative form’ of an adjective. They are:

(i) Parallel Degree: This comparison is used to show that the qualities of two items (adjectives or adverbs) talked about in the given sentence go parallel, i.e. if one quality (adjective or adverb) increases, the other quality (adjective or adverb) increases, and if one quality decreases, the other quality also decreases.

The bigger the box, the heavier it is.

(ii) Progressive Degree: This comparison is used to show that the quality of a thing (adjective or adverb) talked about in the given sentence increases as the time passes, for example:

1. The ipil-ipil tree is taller than the atis tree.

2. Josephine is younger than Anita.

3. Mangoes are more expensive than chicos.

4. Alex is more intelligent than Carlo.

5. It’s getting hotter and hotter day by day.

3. SUPERLATIVE DEGREE:

Ex: A musk ox is a large animal. An elephant is larger than a musk ox.

The blue whale is the largest of all animals.

The blue whale is the largest of all animals in the world.

In this sentence the word (the) ‘largest’ is an adjective used to compare the “largeness” of the blue whale and to tell us that the blue whale has the most quality of ‘largeness’.

This comparison is used to compare one person, animal or thing with more than two persons, animals or things (the rest of the group of more than two), and to say that the particular one has the highest degree of that particular quality (here the comparison is between the blue whale and the rest of the animals, more than two). The adjective ‘large’ is said to be in the ‘superlative form’.

This comparison is called “Superlative Degree”.

Ex :

1. The acacia tree is the tallest of all them.

2. Irene is the youngest of them all.

3. Grapes are the most expensive of the three.

4. Eric is the most intelligent of the three.

2) Question Words

The most common question words in English are the following:

WHO

WHO is only used when referring to people. (= I want to know the person)

· Who is the best football player in the world?

· Who are your best friends?

· Who is that strange guy over there?

WHERE

WHERE is used when referring to a place or location. (= I want to know the place)

· Where is the library?

· Where do you live?

· Where are my shoes?

WHEN

WHEN is used to refer to a time or an occasion. (= I want to know the time)

· When do the shops open?

· When is his birthday?

· When are we going to finish?

WHY

WHY is used to obtain an explanation or a reason. (= I want to know the reason)

· Why do we need a nanny?

· Why are they always late?

· Why does he complain all the time?

Normally the response begins with "Because..."

WHAT

WHAT is used to refer to specific information. (= I want to know the thing)

· What is your name?

· What is her favourite colour?

· What is the time?

WHICH

WHICH is used when a choice needs to be made. (= I want to know the thing between alternatives)

· Which drink did you order – the rum or the beer?

· Which day do you prefer for a meeting – today or tomorrow?

· Which is better - this one or that one?

HOW

HOW is used to describe the manner that something is done. (= I want to know the way)

· How do you cook paella?

· How does he know the answer?

· How can I learn English quickly?

With HOW there are a number of other expressions that are used in questions:

How much – refers to a quantity or a price (uncountable nouns)

· How much time do you have to finish the test?

· How much is the jacket on display in the window?

· How much money will I need?

How many – refers to a quantity (countable nouns)

· How many days are there in April?

· How many people live in this city?

· How many brothers and sister do you have?

Selasa, 15 Maret 2016

BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2 (SOFTSKILL)

NAMA : NURUL MAGHFIROH JUFRIN

NPM : 3EB22

KELAS : 26213733

BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2

PRESENT SIMPLE THEORY

The simple present or present simple is one of the present tenses used in modern English, the others being the present continuous and the emphatic present. It is called "present" because it is often (but not exclusively) used in referring to the present time, and it is called "simple" because it consists of only a single word. In the third person singular of the simple present it is formed (with two exceptions) by adding s or es to the bare infinitive, as in "He sees you", while in all other person/number combinations the present simple is identical to the bare infinitive, as in "They see you" or "I see you". The two exceptions are "to have" and "to be": "to have" retains the bare infinitive form outside the third person singular, but in the third person singular it uses "has" as in he has a car; "to be" uses "am" in the first person singular, "is" in the third person singular, and "are" in all other person/number combinations, as in Iam here, you are here, she is here.

Declarative sentences

The simple present is often used to express habitual actions referring to no particular span of time, such as in He walks to school' The simple present is often employed in newspaperheadlines instead of the present perfect:

Oldest man alive wins Olympic race

Stock markets crash

It is employed in if clauses referring to the future:

If he finds your sweets, he will eat them!

It is used when a planned event is described along with a time in t he future:

We leave for Berlin tomorrow at 1:00.

It is used with stative verbs in referring to states (unchanging situations) that exist in the present:

I love you.

She needs us.

I know that.

It can also be used when making a citation:

The label says "External use only."

Questions

In a yes-no question, the simple present becomes compound, employing the auxiliary do:

Does she go there often?

When a question word starts a sentence, do is included if the question word is not the subject of the sentence:

"What does the man want to buy?"

But when the question word is the subject of the sentence, the simple form is retained:.

Who feeds the cat?

Distinction from continuous form

The continuous (progressive) verb form in English conveys that an action is ongoing, as in "She is running right now". So for evolving situations in the present, the simple present form is not used. In contrast, the simple present is used for present situations that are not evolving, as in "I know that", which cannot be rendered as "I am knowing that."

It is used instead of present continuous in certain situations in a sentence as a temporal adverbial clause: ..., as we speak.

Present Continuous

FORM

[am/is/are + present participle]

Examples:

· You are watching TV.

· Are you watching TV?

· You are not watching TV.

Use the Present Continuous with Normal Verbs to express the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show that something is not happening now.

Examples:

· You are learning English now.

· You are not swimming now.

· Are you sleeping?

· I am sitting.

· I am not standing.

· Is he sitting or standing?

· They are reading their books.

· They are not watching television.

· What are you doing?

· Why aren't you doing your homework?

USE 2 Longer Actions in Progress Now

n English, "now" can mean: this second, today, this month, this year, this century, and so on. Sometimes, we use the Present Continuous to say that we are in the process of doing a longer action which is in progress; however, we might not be doing it at this exact second.

Examples: (All of these sentences can be said while eating dinner in a restaurant.)

· I am studying to become a doctor.

· I am not studying to become a dentist.

· I am reading the book Tom Sawyer.

· I am not reading any books right now.

· Are you working on any special projects at work?

· Aren't you teaching at the university now?

USE 3 Near Future

Sometimes, speakers use the Present Continuous to indicate that something will or will not happen in the near future.

Examples:

· I am meeting some friends after work.

· I am not going to the party tonight.

· Is he visiting his parents next weekend?

· Isn't he coming with us tonight?

USE 4 Repetition and Irritation with "Always"

The Present Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happens. Notice that the meaning is like Simple Present, but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."

Examples:

· She is always coming to class late.

· He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up.

· I don't like them because they are always complaining.

REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings forMixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Present Continuous with these verbs, you must use Simple Present.

Examples:

· She is loving this chocolate ice cream. Not Correct

· She loves this chocolate ice cream. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

· You are still watching TV.

· Are you still watching TV?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

· Right now, Tom is writing the letter. Active

· Right now, the letter is being written by Tom. Passive

Simple Past

FORM

[VERB+ed] or irregular verbs

Examples:

· You called Debbie.

· Did you call Debbie?

· You did not call Debbie.

USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.

Examples:

· I saw a movie yesterday.

· I didn't see a play yesterday.

· Last year, I traveled to Japan.

· Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.

· Did you have dinner last night?

· She washed her car.

· He didn't wash his car.

USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions

We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.

Examples:

· I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.

· He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.

· Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?

USE 3 Duration in Past

The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.

Examples:

· I lived in Brazil for two years.

· Shauna studied Japanese for five years.

· They sat at the beach all day.

· They did not stay at the party the entire time.

· We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.

· A: How long did you wait for them?
B: We waited for one hour.

USE 4 Habits in the Past

The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.

Examples:

· I studied French when I was a child.

· He played the violin.

· He didn't play the piano.

· Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?

· She worked at the movie theater after school.

· They never went to school, they always skipped class.

USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations

The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar to the expression "used to."

Examples:

· She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.

· He didn't like tomatoes before.

· Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?

· People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.

IMPORTANT When-Clauses Happen First

Clauses are groups of words which have meaning but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when I dropped my pen..." or "when class began..." These clauses are called when-clauses, and they are very important. The examples below contain when-clauses.

Examples:

· When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question.

· She answered my question when I paid her one dollar.

When-clauses are important because they always happen first when both clauses are in the Simple Past. Both of the examples above mean the same thing: first, I paid her one dollar, and then, she answered my question. It is not important whether "when I paid her one dollar" is at the beginning of the sentence or at the end of the sentence. However, the example below has a different meaning. First, she answered my question, and then, I paid her one dollar.

Example:

· I paid her one dollar when she answered my question.

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

· You just called Debbie.

· Did you just call Debbie?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

· Tom repaired the car. Active

· The car was repaired by Tom. Passive

Past Continuous Tense

The past continuous tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to be(was/were) + present participle (verbs ending in ...ing).

Example:	I/he/she/it was eating spaghetti at 8 o'clock last night.
	You/we/they were eating spaghetti at 8 o'clock last night

The past continuous tense questions are formed with was/were + subject + ... ing.
Example: What were you doing exactly twenty-four hours ago? (NOT: What did you do exactly
twenty-four hours ago?)

The past continuous tense is used:

· for an action that was taking place in the past when a shorter action (expressed in the simple past tense) happened.

Example: I was camping when I got stung by a bee.
Example: When I visited him in the hospital, he was snoring loudly.
Example: While he was reading the newspaper, he fell asleep.
Example: While I was talking to him, his eyes looked somewhere else.
Note: The past continuous tense and the simple past tense are used together

· with while to describe two actions that were going on at the same time in the past.

Example: While my brother was laughing, my sister was crying.
Example: My father was drinking while my mother was eating.

· for an action that was happening and not yet finished at a particular time or throughout a period of time in the past. We do not state when the action started or ended.

Example: Grandma was knitting a sock at 11 o'clock last night.
Example: They were hunting wild boars all evening.

· to show that we were in the middle of an action.

Example: I was collecting old newspapers. (I was in the middle of doing the collecting.)
Example: The police sirens were wailing.

· in Reported or Indirect Speech.

Example:	"Are you catching a train to Timbuktu, Jack?" asked Jill.
	Jill asked Jack if he was catching a train to Timbuktu.

· to describe the introductory scene for a story written in the past tense.

Example: The sun was shining after weeks of rain. The flowers were wavingin the breeze.

Verbs not normally used in the continuous form
We use the continuous tenses, both past and present, with actions but notwith verbs that refer to states and feelings. The simple past tense andsimple present tense are used for such stative verbs. Some of the stative verbs include: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, believe, doubt, forget, know,understand, wish, like, love, desire, notice, remember, and want..
Example: I forget your name. (NOT I am forgetting your name.)
Example: I forgot your name. (NOT I was forgetting your name.)
Example: He believes what I say. (NOT He is believing what I say.)
Example: We understood the instructions. (NOT We were understanding the instructions.)
Example: Do you hear that noise? (NOT: Are you hearing that noise?)
Example: Did you hear that noise? (NOT: Were you hearing that noise?)
Example: I understand the instructions. (NOT: I am understanding the instructions.)

The passive form of the past continuous tense
The passive form consists of was or were + being + the past participle of the verb.
We use the passive form of the past continuous tense to express an action done to the subject. The action must be in the past and must be unfinished at the time concerned.
Example: My house was being renovated so I stayed in a nearby hotel.
Example: They arrived while dinner was being prepared.

We use when with the past continuous and simple past tenses:

· to show that an action or event described in the past continuous tense started before the event expressed in the simple past tense.

Example: Two women were fighting in the street when the police arrived. (The fighting started before the police arrived.)

· to show that an action or event described in the past continuous tense was going on when the event expressed in the simple past tense took place.

Example: They were having a barbecue when the rain started falling. (The rain fell when the barbecue was in progress.)

· to show time order of events.

Example: When I woke up, my brother was brushing his teeth. (I woke up during his brushing his teeth.)
Example: When I woke up, my brother brushed his teeth. (I woke up, then my brother brushed his teeth.)
Example: He was bathing his pet puppy when I visited him. (He started the bathing before my visit and the bathing was in progress at the time of my visit.)
Example: He bathed his pet puppy when I visited him. (Two complete events: I visited him and then he bathed his pet.)

· Difference in time order between past continuous tense and simple past tense.

1. When we reached there, it rained.

2. When we reached there, it was raining.
In (1), reaching there then raining started.
In (2), reaching there when it was raining.

Note the differences between these sentences:

Example: He was writing a letter yesterday. (Letter was not finished yesterday.)

Example: He wrote a letter yesterday. (Completed the letter.)
Example: While Jill was reading a book, her mother was sleeping. (Two actions in progress simultaneously.)
Example: While I read a book, my mother slept. (Two complete events happened simultaneously.)
Example: My father was having a shave at 7 o'clock. (The shave started before 7 o'clock and was still in progress at 7 o'clock.)
Example: My father had a shave at 7 o'clock. (The shave started at 7 o'clock until completion.)

Having the same meaning.

a) They were watching television all night. (Watching television went on throughout the night.)

b) They watched television all night. (Watching television from the beginning to the end of the night.)
(a) and (b) have the same meaning.

c) When she came in, I was dreaming. (She came in at the time of my dreaming.)

d) She came in while I was dreaming. (She came in during my dreaming.)
(c) and (d) have the same meaning.

The past continuous tense and the past perfect tense

a) I was eating when Bob came.

b) I had eaten when Bob came.
In (a): The past continuous tense expresses an activity that was in progress when another event took place.
In (b): The past perfect tense expresses an activity that was completed before another event took place.

Subject-Verb Agreement

Introduction

Proper sentences must have subject-verb agreement. Subject-verb agreement means the subject and verb match. A singular subject must have a singular verb. A plural subject must have a plural verb.

Singular	Plural
The employee goes to work.	The employees go to work.
The employee is going to work.	The employees are going to work.
The employee has gone to work.	The employees have gone to work.
The employee went to work.	The employees went to work.

Learning Hint:

To make sure you use the correct verb form with the subject, use the following steps:

Ø Figure out what the subject is.

Ø Decide if the subject is single or plural.

Ø Identify which verb goes with the subject.

Ø Check that the verb form matches the subject.

Subjects

There are rules to follow to help decide what form the subject or verb is in. The subject of a sentence is usually a noun or pronoun.

Singular and Plural Noun Forms

The plural form for most nouns is made by adding -s or -es.

Some nouns plural form is irregular. The irregular ones have to be remembered. Common ones include:

Singular	Plural
man	men
child	children
criterion	criteria
medium	media

Some nouns with plural form are usually regarded as singular in meaning. Such words include athletics, economics, news, politics, mathematics and statistics.

Example:

The news tonight has to be good.

Measurements and figures ending in -s may be singular when the amount they refer to is a unit:

Examples:

Three years is a long time to wait.

One-third of the lunchroom has new chairs.

Note: These words and amounts are plural when they describe single items instead of a whole:

The statistics show the market will improve.

One-third of the computers in the office have new memory cards.

Compound Subjects

A compound subject, two or more subjects joined by and, takes a plural verb.

Examples:

Coffee and tea are served hot.

The president, the CEO and the sale manager are having a meeting.

Exception:

When the parts of the subject form a single idea or refer to a single thing, the verb is singular.

Examples:

Ham and cheese is his favorite sandwich.

The new president and CEO arrives in an hour.

(The subject is one person who is both the new president and CEO.)

The new president and his CEO arrive in an hour.

(The subject is two people so the verb has to be plural.)

Collective Nouns

A collective noun names a group of people or things. Examples are army, audience, government, family, group, team, and public. Although a collective noun looks plural, its considered to be one unit, a whole, so it is singular.

Examples:

The group agrees that action is needed.

The public receives weather warnings on the radio and on TV.

Exception: Number as a collective noun can be singular or plural. When a comes before number, it is always plural. Whenthe comes before number, it is always singular.

Examples:

A number of employees have decided to car pool.

The number of people without jobs is dropping.

Always Singular or Plural Words

Some words that can be part of the subject need to be remembered as always being singular or always plural.

· Words that are always singular: anyone, anything, no one, nothing, neither, either, what, whatever, whoever, somebody,something, someone, each, everyone, everything, and everybody. All of these words are known as indefinite pronouns. These words do not refer to a specific person or thing.

Examples:

Something is wrong here.

Neither is right.

Each employee gets 2 weeks paid vacation.

Everyone deserves to be happy.

Exception: When each follows a compound subject, the verb is plural:

The courier and the mailman each have parcels to deliver.

· Words that are always plural: few, both, several, many.

Examples:

Few people go to the annual picnic.

Several of his friends work in the accounting department.

Both of them deserve a raise.

Many of the senior staff plan to retire early.

Singular or Plural Indefinite Pronouns

Some indefinite pronouns can be singular or plural depending on what comes after them: some, all, most, any, and none. Whether they are singular or plural depends on the meaning of the nouns they refer to.

Examples:

All of the money is kept for emergencies.

(All refers to the singular noun money, so the verb is singular.)

All of the reports were finished this afternoon.

(All refers to the plural noun reports, so the verb is plural.)

None of the parcels ever arrive on Monday.

(Parcels is plural, making none plural.)

Some of the team needs more time to prepare.

(Team is singular, making some singular.)

Relative Pronouns

The relative pronouns who, which and that do not have different singular and plural forms. When used as a subject, its verb should agree with the noun it refers to.

Examples:

The manager should listen to the people who work for him.

(Who refers to the plural people, so the verb is plural.)

Justin is the person who usually fixes our computer problems.

(Who refers to the singular person, so the verb is singular.)

Conjunctions Or and Nor

When parts of a subject are joined by or or nor, the verb agrees with the part closest to it. If the closest part is singular, the verb is singular. If the closest part is plural, the verb is plural.

Examples:

Neither the secretary nor the receptionist knows the phone number.

The engineers or the mechanics have the can of oil.

Neither the manager nor the employees were late.

(Manager is singular but employees is plural. Employees is closest to the verb so the verb is plural.)

Either he or they are early.

(He is singular but they is plural. They is closest to the verb so the verb is plural.)

Verbs

Knowing whether the verb is in its singular or plural form shows which form the subject must be in. The singular present tense of many verbs is formed by adding -s or -es. Irregular verb forms have to be remembered.

Singular Present Tense	Plural Present Tense
eats	eat
am / is	are
bring	brings
Singular Past Tense	Plural Past Tense
ate	ate
was	were
brought	brought

The subject and verb still need to match when other words come between them. Such words are usually a phrase that starts with a preposition like of, by, with, from, and to.

Examples:

A web site of new goods and services is being made.

(Web site is the subject, not services. Web site is singular.)

The profits earned by the computer industry have dropped in the past year.

(The subject is profits, not industry. Profits is plural.)

Subject-Verb Agreement Example Questions

When doing a question, first figure out what is the subject of the sentence.

Then decide if the subject is singular or plural. Use the rules. Lastly, decide which verb form will match with the subject.

Note 1: When two verb answers agree with the subject, then the verb TENSE must be looked at. Check for time words to help decide what verb tense is correct for the sentence.

Example:

He _____ his desk yesterday.

(A) cleaned

(B) cleans

(D) cleaner

He is a singular subject so a singlular verb is needed. Both (A) and (B) are singular verbs. (A), not (B), is the correct answer. The word yesterday shows that the action is in the past so the verb must be in the past tense.

Note 2: When two verb answers match the subject and both are the correct tense, then decide which verb makes sense.

Example:

She _____ made a backup of her data.

(A) have

(B) do

(D) should have

She is a singular subject so a singlular verb is needed. Both (C) and (D) are singular verbs. Only (D) can complete the sentence correctly. The sentence does not make sense if (C) is used.

Pronouns

What is a Pronoun?

In grammar, a pronoun is defined as a word or phrase that may be substituted for a noun or noun phrase, which once replaced, is known as the pronoun’s antecedent. How is this possible? In a nutshell, it’s because pronouns can do everything that nouns can do. A pronoun can act as a subject, direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition, and more.

Without pronouns, we’d have to keep on repeating nouns, and that would make our speech and writing repetitive, not to mention cumbersome. Most pronouns are very short words. Examples include:

· He

· She

· They

· It

· We

· Who

As mentioned, pronouns are usually used to replace nouns, however they can also stand in for certainadverbs, adjectives, and other pronouns. Anytime you want to talk about a person, animal, place or thing, you can use pronouns to make your speech or writing flow better.

Types of Pronouns

Pronouns can be divided into numerous categories including:

Ø Indefinite pronouns – those referring to one or more unspecified objects, beings, or places

Ø Personal pronouns – those associated with a certain person, thing, or group; all except you have distinct forms that indicate singular or plural number

Ø Reflexive pronouns – those preceded by the adverb, adjective, pronoun, or noun to which they refer, and ending in –self or –selves

Ø Demonstrative pronouns – those used to point to something specific within a sentence

Ø Possessive pronouns – those designating possession or ownership

Ø Relative pronouns – those which refer to nouns mentioned previously, acting to introduce an adjective (relative) clause

Ø Interrogative pronouns – those which introduce a question

Ø Reciprocal pronouns – those expressing mutual actions or relationship; i.e. one another

Ø Intensive pronouns – those ending in –self or –selves and that serve to emphasize their antecedents

Pronoun Rules

There are a few important rules for using pronouns. As you read through these rules and the examples in the next section, notice how the pronoun rules are followed. Soon you’ll see that pronouns are easy to work with.

· Subject pronouns may be used to begin sentences. For example: We did a great job.

· Subject pronouns may also be used to rename the subject. For example: It was she who decided we should go to Hawaii.

· Indefinite pronouns don’t have antecedents. They are capable of standing on their own. For example: No one likes the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard.

· Object pronouns are used as direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions. These include: you, me, him, her, us, them, and it. For example: David talked to her about the mistake.

· Possessive pronouns show ownership. They do not need apostrophes. For example: The cat washed its whiskers.

Examples of Pronouns

In the following examples, the pronouns are italicized.

1. We are going on vacation.

2. Don’t tell me that you can’t go with us.

3. Anybody who says it won’t be fun has no clue what they are talking about.

4. These are terribly steep stairs.

5. We ran into each other at the mall.

6. I’m not sure which is worse: rain or snow.

7. It is one of the nicest Italian restaurants in town.

8. Richard stared at himself in the mirror.

9. The laundry isn’t going to do itself.

10. Someone spilled orange juice all over the countertop!

http://english1tv.blogspot.co.id/p/present-simple.html

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/presentcontinuous.html

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepast.html

http://www.myenglishgrammar.com/past-continuous-tense.html

http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/pronouns-2/

https://www.testden.com/toeic/grammar-subject-verb-agreement.htm

Langganan: Postingan (Atom)

Sabtu, 04 Juni 2016

Short Story

My Strength

When you're tired with all your problems do not hold your crying
Take out .. not too much hold ..
It might hurt yourself ..
Slowly ... slowly ... and slowly tears Wherever do you put into a disease .
Diseases which will held you to hold back your emotions .
If you do not want them to see your tears because you do not want to see your weakness .
Look for places where the place was just for you .
Sites that contain only all about .
A place that exists only you.
Places that accept what is.
A place that accepts your tears .
Places that accept and forgive your mistake .
The place is always waiting for you.
Rest assured there will be a place like that.
Look .. find your place
If have you found , treat and take care of the place.
Because there is only one place available for you . 

Good luck to you , a strong woman

Jumat, 20 Mei 2016

English Assignment ...... (Degrees of Comparison, Question Words, 5W+1H in English Newspaper)

1) DEGREE OF COMPARISON

Kinds of comparison:

http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/my_documents/my_pictures/2011/jan/718_Untitled.png

1. POSITIVE DEGREE:

Ex: Tom is tall a boy.

This comparison is called “positive degree” comparison.

There are two more comparisons with the ‘positive form’ of the adjective words. They are:

(i) Degree of Equality: This comparison is used to compare two persons, animals or things to tell us that they are equal – having the same quality.

Ex:

1. The atis tree is tall.

2. Anita is young.

3. Chicos are expensive.

4. Carlo is intelligent.

2. COMPARATIVE DEGREE:

Ex : Tom is a tall boy. Tom is taller than his sister.

Therefore, an adjective word which shows the difference of quality betweentwotwo groups of persons, animals or things is said to be in the ‘comparative form’. persons, animals or things, or

This comparison is called “Comparative Degree”.

There are two more degrees of comparison with the ‘comparative form’ of an adjective. They are:

The bigger the box, the heavier it is.

(ii) Progressive Degree: This comparison is used to show that the quality of a thing (adjective or adverb) talked about in the given sentence increases as the time passes, for example:

1. The ipil-ipil tree is taller than the atis tree.

2. Josephine is younger than Anita.

3. Mangoes are more expensive than chicos.

4. Alex is more intelligent than Carlo.

5. It’s getting hotter and hotter day by day.

3. SUPERLATIVE DEGREE:

Ex: A musk ox is a large animal. An elephant is larger than a musk ox.

The blue whale is the largest of all animals.

The blue whale is the largest of all animals in the world.

In this sentence the word (the) ‘largest’ is an adjective used to compare the “largeness” of the blue whale and to tell us that the blue whale has the most quality of ‘largeness’.

This comparison is called “Superlative Degree”.

Ex :

1. The acacia tree is the tallest of all them.

2. Irene is the youngest of them all.

3. Grapes are the most expensive of the three.

4. Eric is the most intelligent of the three.

2) Question Words

The most common question words in English are the following:

WHO

WHO is only used when referring to people. (= I want to know the person)

· Who is the best football player in the world?

· Who are your best friends?

· Who is that strange guy over there?

WHERE

WHERE is used when referring to a place or location. (= I want to know the place)

· Where is the library?

· Where do you live?

· Where are my shoes?

WHEN

WHEN is used to refer to a time or an occasion. (= I want to know the time)

· When do the shops open?

· When is his birthday?

· When are we going to finish?

WHY

WHY is used to obtain an explanation or a reason. (= I want to know the reason)

· Why do we need a nanny?

· Why are they always late?

· Why does he complain all the time?

Normally the response begins with "Because..."

WHAT

WHAT is used to refer to specific information. (= I want to know the thing)

· What is your name?

· What is her favourite colour?

· What is the time?

WHICH

WHICH is used when a choice needs to be made. (= I want to know the thing between alternatives)

· Which drink did you order – the rum or the beer?

· Which day do you prefer for a meeting – today or tomorrow?

· Which is better - this one or that one?

HOW

HOW is used to describe the manner that something is done. (= I want to know the way)

· How do you cook paella?

· How does he know the answer?

· How can I learn English quickly?

With HOW there are a number of other expressions that are used in questions:

How much – refers to a quantity or a price (uncountable nouns)

· How much time do you have to finish the test?

· How much is the jacket on display in the window?

· How much money will I need?

How many – refers to a quantity (countable nouns)

· How many days are there in April?

· How many people live in this city?

· How many brothers and sister do you have?

Selasa, 15 Maret 2016

BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2 (SOFTSKILL)

NAMA : NURUL MAGHFIROH JUFRIN

NPM : 3EB22

KELAS : 26213733

BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2

PRESENT SIMPLE THEORY

Declarative sentences

Oldest man alive wins Olympic race

Stock markets crash

It is employed in if clauses referring to the future:

If he finds your sweets, he will eat them!

It is used when a planned event is described along with a time in t he future:

We leave for Berlin tomorrow at 1:00.

It is used with stative verbs in referring to states (unchanging situations) that exist in the present:

I love you.

She needs us.

I know that.

It can also be used when making a citation:

The label says "External use only."

Questions

In a yes-no question, the simple present becomes compound, employing the auxiliary do:

Does she go there often?

When a question word starts a sentence, do is included if the question word is not the subject of the sentence:

"What does the man want to buy?"

But when the question word is the subject of the sentence, the simple form is retained:.

Who feeds the cat?

Distinction from continuous form

It is used instead of present continuous in certain situations in a sentence as a temporal adverbial clause: ..., as we speak.

Present Continuous

FORM

[am/is/are + present participle]

Examples:

· You are watching TV.

· Are you watching TV?

· You are not watching TV.

Use the Present Continuous with Normal Verbs to express the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show that something is not happening now.

Examples:

· You are learning English now.

· You are not swimming now.

· Are you sleeping?

· I am sitting.

· I am not standing.

· Is he sitting or standing?

· They are reading their books.

· They are not watching television.

· What are you doing?

· Why aren't you doing your homework?

USE 2 Longer Actions in Progress Now

Examples: (All of these sentences can be said while eating dinner in a restaurant.)

· I am studying to become a doctor.

· I am not studying to become a dentist.

· I am reading the book Tom Sawyer.

· I am not reading any books right now.

· Are you working on any special projects at work?

· Aren't you teaching at the university now?

USE 3 Near Future

Sometimes, speakers use the Present Continuous to indicate that something will or will not happen in the near future.

Examples:

· I am meeting some friends after work.

· I am not going to the party tonight.

· Is he visiting his parents next weekend?

· Isn't he coming with us tonight?

USE 4 Repetition and Irritation with "Always"

Examples:

· She is always coming to class late.

· He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up.

· I don't like them because they are always complaining.

REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed Verbs

Examples:

· She is loving this chocolate ice cream. Not Correct

· She loves this chocolate ice cream. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

· You are still watching TV.

· Are you still watching TV?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

· Right now, Tom is writing the letter. Active

· Right now, the letter is being written by Tom. Passive

Simple Past

FORM

[VERB+ed] or irregular verbs

Examples:

· You called Debbie.

· Did you call Debbie?

· You did not call Debbie.

USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

Examples:

· I saw a movie yesterday.

· I didn't see a play yesterday.

· Last year, I traveled to Japan.

· Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.

· Did you have dinner last night?

· She washed her car.

· He didn't wash his car.

USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions

We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.

Examples:

· I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.

· He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.

· Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?

USE 3 Duration in Past

Examples:

· I lived in Brazil for two years.

· Shauna studied Japanese for five years.

· They sat at the beach all day.

· They did not stay at the party the entire time.

· We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.

· A: How long did you wait for them?
B: We waited for one hour.

USE 4 Habits in the Past

Examples:

· I studied French when I was a child.

· He played the violin.

· He didn't play the piano.

· Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?

· She worked at the movie theater after school.

· They never went to school, they always skipped class.

USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations

The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar to the expression "used to."

Examples:

· She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.

· He didn't like tomatoes before.

· Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?

· People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.

IMPORTANT When-Clauses Happen First

Examples:

· When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question.

· She answered my question when I paid her one dollar.

Example:

· I paid her one dollar when she answered my question.

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

· You just called Debbie.

· Did you just call Debbie?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

· Tom repaired the car. Active

· The car was repaired by Tom. Passive

Past Continuous Tense

The past continuous tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to be(was/were) + present participle (verbs ending in ...ing).

Example:	I/he/she/it was eating spaghetti at 8 o'clock last night.
	You/we/they were eating spaghetti at 8 o'clock last night

The past continuous tense is used:

· for an action that was taking place in the past when a shorter action (expressed in the simple past tense) happened.

· with while to describe two actions that were going on at the same time in the past.

Example: While my brother was laughing, my sister was crying.
Example: My father was drinking while my mother was eating.

· for an action that was happening and not yet finished at a particular time or throughout a period of time in the past. We do not state when the action started or ended.

Example: Grandma was knitting a sock at 11 o'clock last night.
Example: They were hunting wild boars all evening.

· to show that we were in the middle of an action.

Example: I was collecting old newspapers. (I was in the middle of doing the collecting.)
Example: The police sirens were wailing.

· in Reported or Indirect Speech.

Example:	"Are you catching a train to Timbuktu, Jack?" asked Jill.
	Jill asked Jack if he was catching a train to Timbuktu.

· to describe the introductory scene for a story written in the past tense.

Example: The sun was shining after weeks of rain. The flowers were wavingin the breeze.

We use when with the past continuous and simple past tenses:

· to show that an action or event described in the past continuous tense started before the event expressed in the simple past tense.

Example: Two women were fighting in the street when the police arrived. (The fighting started before the police arrived.)

· to show that an action or event described in the past continuous tense was going on when the event expressed in the simple past tense took place.

Example: They were having a barbecue when the rain started falling. (The rain fell when the barbecue was in progress.)

· to show time order of events.

· Difference in time order between past continuous tense and simple past tense.

1. When we reached there, it rained.

2. When we reached there, it was raining.
In (1), reaching there then raining started.
In (2), reaching there when it was raining.

Note the differences between these sentences:

Example: He was writing a letter yesterday. (Letter was not finished yesterday.)

Having the same meaning.

a) They were watching television all night. (Watching television went on throughout the night.)

b) They watched television all night. (Watching television from the beginning to the end of the night.)
(a) and (b) have the same meaning.

c) When she came in, I was dreaming. (She came in at the time of my dreaming.)

d) She came in while I was dreaming. (She came in during my dreaming.)
(c) and (d) have the same meaning.

The past continuous tense and the past perfect tense

a) I was eating when Bob came.

Subject-Verb Agreement

Introduction

Proper sentences must have subject-verb agreement. Subject-verb agreement means the subject and verb match. A singular subject must have a singular verb. A plural subject must have a plural verb.

Singular	Plural
The employee goes to work.	The employees go to work.
The employee is going to work.	The employees are going to work.
The employee has gone to work.	The employees have gone to work.
The employee went to work.	The employees went to work.

Learning Hint:

To make sure you use the correct verb form with the subject, use the following steps:

Ø Figure out what the subject is.

Ø Decide if the subject is single or plural.

Ø Identify which verb goes with the subject.

Ø Check that the verb form matches the subject.

Subjects

There are rules to follow to help decide what form the subject or verb is in. The subject of a sentence is usually a noun or pronoun.

Singular and Plural Noun Forms

The plural form for most nouns is made by adding -s or -es.

Some nouns plural form is irregular. The irregular ones have to be remembered. Common ones include:

Singular	Plural
man	men
child	children
criterion	criteria
medium	media

Some nouns with plural form are usually regarded as singular in meaning. Such words include athletics, economics, news, politics, mathematics and statistics.

Example:

The news tonight has to be good.

Measurements and figures ending in -s may be singular when the amount they refer to is a unit:

Examples:

Three years is a long time to wait.

One-third of the lunchroom has new chairs.

Note: These words and amounts are plural when they describe single items instead of a whole:

The statistics show the market will improve.

One-third of the computers in the office have new memory cards.

Compound Subjects

A compound subject, two or more subjects joined by and, takes a plural verb.

Examples:

Coffee and tea are served hot.

The president, the CEO and the sale manager are having a meeting.

Exception:

When the parts of the subject form a single idea or refer to a single thing, the verb is singular.

Examples:

Ham and cheese is his favorite sandwich.

The new president and CEO arrives in an hour.

(The subject is one person who is both the new president and CEO.)

The new president and his CEO arrive in an hour.

(The subject is two people so the verb has to be plural.)

Collective Nouns

Examples:

The group agrees that action is needed.

The public receives weather warnings on the radio and on TV.

Exception: Number as a collective noun can be singular or plural. When a comes before number, it is always plural. Whenthe comes before number, it is always singular.

Examples:

A number of employees have decided to car pool.

The number of people without jobs is dropping.

Always Singular or Plural Words

Some words that can be part of the subject need to be remembered as always being singular or always plural.

Examples:

Something is wrong here.

Neither is right.

Each employee gets 2 weeks paid vacation.

Everyone deserves to be happy.

Exception: When each follows a compound subject, the verb is plural:

The courier and the mailman each have parcels to deliver.

· Words that are always plural: few, both, several, many.

Examples:

Few people go to the annual picnic.

Several of his friends work in the accounting department.

Both of them deserve a raise.

Many of the senior staff plan to retire early.

Singular or Plural Indefinite Pronouns

Examples:

All of the money is kept for emergencies.

(All refers to the singular noun money, so the verb is singular.)

All of the reports were finished this afternoon.

(All refers to the plural noun reports, so the verb is plural.)

None of the parcels ever arrive on Monday.

(Parcels is plural, making none plural.)

Some of the team needs more time to prepare.

(Team is singular, making some singular.)

Relative Pronouns

The relative pronouns who, which and that do not have different singular and plural forms. When used as a subject, its verb should agree with the noun it refers to.

Examples:

The manager should listen to the people who work for him.

(Who refers to the plural people, so the verb is plural.)

Justin is the person who usually fixes our computer problems.

(Who refers to the singular person, so the verb is singular.)

Conjunctions Or and Nor

Examples:

Neither the secretary nor the receptionist knows the phone number.

The engineers or the mechanics have the can of oil.

Neither the manager nor the employees were late.

(Manager is singular but employees is plural. Employees is closest to the verb so the verb is plural.)

Either he or they are early.

(He is singular but they is plural. They is closest to the verb so the verb is plural.)

Verbs

Singular Present Tense	Plural Present Tense
eats	eat
am / is	are
bring	brings
Singular Past Tense	Plural Past Tense
ate	ate
was	were
brought	brought

The subject and verb still need to match when other words come between them. Such words are usually a phrase that starts with a preposition like of, by, with, from, and to.

Examples:

A web site of new goods and services is being made.

(Web site is the subject, not services. Web site is singular.)

The profits earned by the computer industry have dropped in the past year.

(The subject is profits, not industry. Profits is plural.)

Subject-Verb Agreement Example Questions

When doing a question, first figure out what is the subject of the sentence.

Then decide if the subject is singular or plural. Use the rules. Lastly, decide which verb form will match with the subject.

Note 1: When two verb answers agree with the subject, then the verb TENSE must be looked at. Check for time words to help decide what verb tense is correct for the sentence.

Example:

He _____ his desk yesterday.

(A) cleaned

(B) cleans

(D) cleaner

Note 2: When two verb answers match the subject and both are the correct tense, then decide which verb makes sense.

Example:

She _____ made a backup of her data.

(A) have

(B) do

(D) should have

She is a singular subject so a singlular verb is needed. Both (C) and (D) are singular verbs. Only (D) can complete the sentence correctly. The sentence does not make sense if (C) is used.

Pronouns

What is a Pronoun?

Without pronouns, we’d have to keep on repeating nouns, and that would make our speech and writing repetitive, not to mention cumbersome. Most pronouns are very short words. Examples include:

· He

· She

· They

· It

· We

· Who

Types of Pronouns

Pronouns can be divided into numerous categories including:

Ø Indefinite pronouns – those referring to one or more unspecified objects, beings, or places

Ø Personal pronouns – those associated with a certain person, thing, or group; all except you have distinct forms that indicate singular or plural number

Ø Reflexive pronouns – those preceded by the adverb, adjective, pronoun, or noun to which they refer, and ending in –self or –selves

Ø Demonstrative pronouns – those used to point to something specific within a sentence

Ø Possessive pronouns – those designating possession or ownership

Ø Relative pronouns – those which refer to nouns mentioned previously, acting to introduce an adjective (relative) clause

Ø Interrogative pronouns – those which introduce a question

Ø Reciprocal pronouns – those expressing mutual actions or relationship; i.e. one another

Ø Intensive pronouns – those ending in –self or –selves and that serve to emphasize their antecedents

Pronoun Rules

· Subject pronouns may be used to begin sentences. For example: We did a great job.

· Subject pronouns may also be used to rename the subject. For example: It was she who decided we should go to Hawaii.

· Indefinite pronouns don’t have antecedents. They are capable of standing on their own. For example: No one likes the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard.

· Object pronouns are used as direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions. These include: you, me, him, her, us, them, and it. For example: David talked to her about the mistake.

· Possessive pronouns show ownership. They do not need apostrophes. For example: The cat washed its whiskers.

Examples of Pronouns

In the following examples, the pronouns are italicized.

1. We are going on vacation.

2. Don’t tell me that you can’t go with us.

3. Anybody who says it won’t be fun has no clue what they are talking about.

4. These are terribly steep stairs.

5. We ran into each other at the mall.

6. I’m not sure which is worse: rain or snow.

7. It is one of the nicest Italian restaurants in town.

8. Richard stared at himself in the mirror.

9. The laundry isn’t going to do itself.

10. Someone spilled orange juice all over the countertop!

http://english1tv.blogspot.co.id/p/present-simple.html

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/presentcontinuous.html

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepast.html

http://www.myenglishgrammar.com/past-continuous-tense.html

http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/pronouns-2/

https://www.testden.com/toeic/grammar-subject-verb-agreement.htm

Pages

Sabtu, 04 Juni 2016

Jumat, 20 Mei 2016

WHO

WHERE

WHEN

WHY

WHAT

WHICH

HOW

Selasa, 15 Maret 2016

Present Continuous

FORM

Simple Past

FORM

USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

Past Continuous Tense

Pronouns

What is a Pronoun?

Types of Pronouns

Pronoun Rules

Examples of Pronouns

Sabtu, 04 Juni 2016

Jumat, 20 Mei 2016

WHO

WHERE

WHEN

WHY

WHAT

WHICH

HOW

Selasa, 15 Maret 2016

Present Continuous

FORM

Simple Past

FORM

USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

Past Continuous Tense

Pronouns

What is a Pronoun?

Types of Pronouns

Pronoun Rules

Examples of Pronouns